Heart Sounds Tutorial

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. The Basics
3. Murmurs
   1. Benign murmurs
   2. Murmurs II
   3. Aortic Stenosis
   4. Mitral Regurgitation
   5. Aortic Regurgitation
   6. Mitral Stenosis
   7. Tricuspid Valve
   8. Pulmonic Valve
   9. Ventricular Septal Defect
   10. Patent Ductus Arteriosus
   11. Atrial Septal Defect
   12. Coarctation of the Aorta
   13. Mitral Valve Prolapse
4. Extracardiac Sounds
5. MCQ
6. Acknowledgements and References

Aortic Regurgitation

This is a murmur that will occur in diastole as turbulent blood leaks back into the relaxing ventricle.

1	Looking at the diagram above how would you describe aortic regurgitation a) Pan diastolic murmur b) Early Diastolic decrescendo murmur c) Early Diastolic crescendo murmur Correct!No, have another look at the diagram and then another goYour answer has been saved.

The best place to listen to this murmur is over the aortic valve or the left sternal border as this is the direction of the regurgitant blood.

To accentuate this murmur have the patient sit up and exhale and hold their breath for a few seconds.

The following is a sound clip of AR, it is difficult to hear S2 due to the loudness of the murmur but you can clearly hear it as a decrescendo murmur.

AR

A note on an Austin Flint murmur

This is a mid-diastolic LOW-pitched rumbling heard at the apex (usually only in sever Aortic Regurgitation) and is due to part of the mitral valve being buffeted by the regurgitant jet of blood.