Heart Sounds Tutorial

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. The Basics
3. Murmurs
   1. Benign murmurs
   2. Murmurs II
   3. Aortic Stenosis
   4. Mitral Regurgitation
   5. Aortic Regurgitation
   6. Mitral Stenosis
   7. Tricuspid Valve
   8. Pulmonic Valve
   9. Ventricular Septal Defect
   10. Patent Ductus Arteriosus
   11. Atrial Septal Defect
   12. Coarctation of the Aorta
   13. Mitral Valve Prolapse
4. Extracardiac Sounds
5. MCQ
6. Acknowledgements and References

Mitral Valve Prolapse

This is the most common form of valvular heart disease and occurs in 0.4-2.4% of the population. It is asymptomatic in the majority of individuals but can cause Mitral Regurgitation (MR) in some cases.

Mitral Valve Prolapse also can produce a mid-systolic click, thought to be the valve being put under tension in ventricular contraction, different to Mitral valve stenosis which produces an opening snap after S2 (i.e. in diastole). Although this is not technically a murmur I have grouped it with the murmurs as it can quite frequently be found with other murmurs due to it's frequency.